Black pepper is a spice derived from the dried berries of the Piper nigrum plant, native to India. It is one of the most commonly used spices in the world due to its versatility and distinctive, pungent flavor. Black peppercorns are typically harvested when they are still green, then dried, during which they turn black and wrinkled. The outer shell of the peppercorn is responsible for the strong, spicy heat, while the inner seed contains a milder, slightly citrusy flavor.